Technical blog by Daniel Schmidt, Terraform Core engineer at HashiCorp. Deep dives into Terraform internals, Go, Rust, and infrastructure as code.https://danielmschmidt.de/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2026-04-29-what-s-new-in-terraform-1-15/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2026-04-29-what-s-new-in-terraform-1-15/Dynamic Module Sources, Marking Variables and Outputs as Deprecated, convert() - let's talk about the new language features in Terraform 1.15Wed, 29 Apr 2026 14:44:17 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2026-02-26-inside-terraform-expanding-for-each-and-count/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2026-02-26-inside-terraform-expanding-for-each-and-count/A deep dive into Terraform's expansion mechanism — how for_each and count transform configuration blocks into multiple resource instances in the graph.Thu, 26 Feb 2026 16:20:03 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2026-02-09-deprecating-terraform-variables-and-outputs/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2026-02-09-deprecating-terraform-variables-and-outputs/Terraform 1.15 introduces deprecation warnings for variables and outputs. Learn how this works under the hood and what it means for your configurations.Mon, 09 Feb 2026 15:51:02 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2026-01-28-inside-terraform-tfdiags/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2026-01-28-inside-terraform-tfdiags/A deep dive into tfdiags, Terraform's diagnostic and error handling system — how errors, warnings, and source ranges flow through the codebase.Wed, 28 Jan 2026 11:45:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-12-03-inside-terraform-evaluation/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-12-03-inside-terraform-evaluation/How Terraform evaluates expressions using go-cty for value representation and HCL for parsing — a deep dive into the evaluation engine internals.Wed, 03 Dec 2025 10:45:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-11-26-inside-terraform-references/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-11-26-inside-terraform-references/How Terraform resolves references between resources, variables, and modules — tracing the dependency graph from HCL expressions to execution order.Wed, 26 Nov 2025 12:12:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-11-21-inside-terraform/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-11-21-inside-terraform/A deep-dive blog series by a Terraform Core engineer exploring how Terraform works internally — from address parsing to graph expansion and evaluation.Fri, 21 Nov 2025 12:43:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-11-21-inside-terraform-addrs/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-11-21-inside-terraform-addrs/A deep dive into Terraform's addrs package — how every resource, module, and variable gets a unique address that drives the entire execution engine.Fri, 21 Nov 2025 12:43:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-10-24-terraform-action-usage-patterns/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-10-24-terraform-action-usage-patterns/A curated and growing list of common usage patterns for Terraform Actions, showing real-world examples of non-CRUD operations in Terraform configuration.Fri, 24 Oct 2025 12:43:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-10-17-terraform-providers-with-recursive-patterns/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-10-17-terraform-providers-with-recursive-patterns/How to implement Terraform resources, data sources, and actions for APIs with recursive structures using the Terraform Plugin Framework.Fri, 17 Oct 2025 11:43:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-26-terraform-actions-design-decisions/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-26-terraform-actions-design-decisions/How we designed Terraform Actions — the key design decisions behind integrating a new language construct for non-CRUD operations into Terraform.Fri, 26 Sep 2025 10:43:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-26-terraform-action-patterns-and-guidelines/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-26-terraform-action-patterns-and-guidelines/Common patterns and guidelines for writing Terraform Actions, the language feature for expressing non-CRUD infrastructure operations.Fri, 26 Sep 2025 10:34:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-26-writing-a-terraform-action/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-26-writing-a-terraform-action/A hands-on guide to writing a Terraform Action for non-CRUD operations, covering provider implementation, schema design, and typical use cases.Fri, 26 Sep 2025 10:23:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-26-terraform-actions-introduction/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-26-terraform-actions-introduction/Terraform Actions let you express non-CRUD operations directly in configuration — replacing local-exec provisioners and pseudo data source workarounds.Fri, 26 Sep 2025 10:12:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-17-terraform-provider-sdk-to-framework-migration/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-17-terraform-provider-sdk-to-framework-migration/Step-by-step guide to migrating a Terraform provider from SDKv2 to the Plugin Framework, including muxing, testing, and common migration pitfalls.Wed, 17 Sep 2025 07:11:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-02-terraform-stacks-module-runtime-walkthrough/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-02-terraform-stacks-module-runtime-walkthrough/A code-level comparison of how the Terraform Stacks runtime and the classic module runtime differ in graph building, evaluation, and execution.Tue, 02 Sep 2025 10:42:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-02-terraform-stacks-in-under-50-words/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2025-09-02-terraform-stacks-in-under-50-words/A concise overview of Terraform Stacks — what they are, how they relate to modules, and why they exist for managing infrastructure at scale.Tue, 02 Sep 2025 10:12:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2024-08-09-remark-plugin-inline-github-code-snippets/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2024-08-09-remark-plugin-inline-github-code-snippets/How to write a remark plugin that inlines code snippets from GitHub repositories into Markdown, keeping blog posts in sync with source code automatically.Fri, 09 Aug 2024 21:23:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2024-07-28-dev-env-setup-with-chezmoi/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2024-07-28-dev-env-setup-with-chezmoi/How to use chezmoi to manage dotfiles and keep personal and work Macbook development environments synchronized across multiple machines.Sun, 28 Jul 2024 21:23:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2024-07-22-discriminated-union-pattern-in-go/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2024-07-22-discriminated-union-pattern-in-go/How to implement the tagged union pattern in Go when coming from TypeScript, using interfaces and sealed types to model mutually exclusive states.Mon, 22 Jul 2024 21:23:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2023-02-16-everything-you-need-to-know-about-cdk-internals/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2023-02-16-everything-you-need-to-know-about-cdk-internals/Covering the internals of CDKTF and CDK8s — the universal constructs model, real-world migration examples, and when adopting a CDK is the right choice.Thu, 30 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2023-03-23-managing-processes-in-rust/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2023-03-23-managing-processes-in-rust/Learn how to spawn, monitor, and manage one-shot and long-running child processes in Rust using tokio::process::Command with real-world examples.Thu, 23 Mar 2023 22:31:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2022-08-03-multi-stack-deployments-cdktf/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2022-08-03-multi-stack-deployments-cdktf/A practical walkthrough of deploying infrastructure across multiple stacks, environments, and regions using CDKTF.Wed, 03 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2022-05-26-hybrid-cdktf-constructs/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2022-05-26-hybrid-cdktf-constructs/Building and distributing hybrid constructs that work across both HCL and CDKTF — for organizations adopting CDKTF gradually.Thu, 26 May 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2022-02-08-cdktf-deep-dive-convert-command/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2022-02-08-cdktf-deep-dive-convert-command/A code-level deep dive into the convert command that transforms HCL into CDKTF code — tracing through parsing, graph building, and code generation.Tue, 08 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2021-10-05-deep-dive-cdk-for-terraform/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2021-10-05-deep-dive-cdk-for-terraform/What actually happens when you run cdktf synth — from a Python CDKTF program, through JSII, to the generated HCL JSON that Terraform consumes.Tue, 05 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2021-05-06-declarative-dev-environments-with-cdktf/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2021-05-06-declarative-dev-environments-with-cdktf/You can use CDK for Terraform to automate spinning up a complex development environment.Thu, 06 May 2021 15:22:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2019-07-03-graphql-subsriptions-with-rxjs/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2019-07-03-graphql-subsriptions-with-rxjs/Learn how to trigger and manage GraphQL subscription updates using RxJS observables, enabling real-time data flows in your JavaScript applications.Wed, 03 Jul 2019 20:22:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2019-01-30-testing-rxjs-side-effects/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2019-01-30-testing-rxjs-side-effects/A practical approach to testing side effects in RxJS, covering marble testing patterns and strategies for verifying observable behavior in Angular and Node.js applications.Wed, 30 Jan 2019 20:22:00 GMThttps://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2018-12-30-lets-move-the-emulator/https://danielmschmidt.de/posts/2018-12-30-lets-move-the-emulator/How to simulate real-world movement and gyroscopic sensor data in Android and iOS emulators for testing location-aware mobile applications.Sun, 30 Dec 2018 11:22:00 GMT